Human CCL5/RANTES DTSet enzyme-linked immunoassay kit
| Specification | 96*5 Test；96T*15 Test |
|---|---|
| Standard Curve Range | 15.63 pg/ml -1000 pg/ml |
| Standard Curve Gradient | 7 Points/3 Folds |
| Number of Incubations | 2 |
| Sample Volume | 50 μl |
| Type | Not Ready-to-Use |
| Test Duration | 120min |
| pg/ml | O.D. | Average | Corrected | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.00 | 0.0560 | 0.0562 | 0.0561 | |
| 31.25 | 0.2068 | 0.2055 | 0.2062 | 0.1826 |
| 62.50 | 0.3482 | 0.3822 | 0.3652 | 0.3417 |
| 125.00 | 0.6821 | 0.7189 | 0.7005 | 0.6770 |
| 250.00 | 1.5310 | 1.5770 | 1.5540 | 1.5305 |
| 500.00 | 2.9440 | 2.9880 | 2.9660 | 2.9425 |
| 1000.00 | 4.2388 | 4.1752 | 4.2070 | 4.1835 |
| 2000.00 | 4.2763 | 4.4232 | 4.3498 | 4.3262 |
Product Features
- Optimized capture and detection antibody pairings with recommended concentrations save lengthy development time
- Development protocols are provided to guide further assay optimization
- Assay can be customized to your specific needs
- Economical alternative to complete kits
Kit Content
- Capture Antibody
- Detection Antibody
- Recombinant Standard
- Streptavidin conjugated to horseradish-peroxidase (Streptavidin-HRP)
Other Reagents Required
DTSet Ancillary Reagent Kit (5 plates): containing 96 well microplates, plate sealers, substrate solution, stop solution, plate coating buffer (PBS), wash buffer, and assay buffer.
- 96 well microplates: YOUKE Life, Catalog # DSEP01. Plate Sealers: YOUKE Life, Catalog # DSSF01.
- Coating Buffer: 137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, 8.1 mM Na2HPO4, 1.5 mM KH2PO4, pH 7.2-7.4, 0.2μm filtered . YOUKE Life, Catalog # DSCB01.
- Blocking Buffer: YOUKE Life, Catalog # DSBB01.
- Wash Buffer: 0.05% Tween® 20 in PBS, pH 7.2-7.4. YOUKE Life, Catalog # DSWB01.
- Assay Buffer: 0.5% BSA，0.05% Tween® 20，PBS Solution.YOUKE Life, Catalog # DSAB01
- Substrate Solution: Tetramethylbenzidine. YOUKE Life, Catalog # DSTS01.
- Stop Solution: 0.5mol/ml H2SO4. YOUKE Life, Catalog # DSSS01.
Product Data Sheet
Background: CCL5/RANTES
RANTES (Regulated upon Activation, Normal T cell Expressed and presumably Secreted), also known as CCL5, is a member of the "CC" subfamily of chemokines. It plays a primary role in the inflammatory immune response via its ability to chemoattract leukocytes and modulate their function. The cDNA for RANTES was initially discovered by subtractive hybridization as a T cell specific sequence. Human RANTES cDNA encodes a highly basic 91 amino acid (aa) residue precursor polypeptide with a 23 aa hydrophobic signal peptide that is cleaved to generate the 68 aa mature protein. Human RANTES exhibits approximately 85% homology with mouse RANTES at the deduced aa level.
RANTES is a potent chemoattractant for a number of different cell types including unstimulated CD4+/CD45RO+ memory T cells and stimulated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with naive and memory phenotypes, NK cells, basophils, eosinophils, dendritic cells, mast cells, monocytes, and microglia. In addition to its effects on migration, RANTES can activate a number of cell types including T cells, monocytes, neutrophils, NK cells, dendritic cells, and astrocytes. T cell activation generally requires relatively high RANTES concentrations (~ 1 μM) and is dependent upon aggregation of the molecule and association with cell surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Whether this activity occurs in vivo remains unclear although in mice, intraperitoneally injected RANTES mutants that are unable to aggregate and/or bind GAG, are not capable of attracting leukocytes when compared to wild-type controls. Other in vivo studies show that RANTES knockout mice exhibit deficient recruitment of leukocytes to sites of acute inflammation.
RANTES, is known to interact with four identified seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors: CCR1, CCR3, CCR4, and CCR5 (22-25). RANTES stimulation can initiate a variety of signaling cascades that are cell context dependent. For instance, in T-cells, RANTES can stimulate elevations of intracellular Ca2+, and activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), protein kinase A, PI3-kinase, Rho GTPase, and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. The cytomegalovirus protein US28 exhibits significant homology with CC chemokine receptors and is capable of binding RANTES. Membrane-spanning US28 can, depending on the context, signal in a constitutive manner, bind RANTES and initiate G-protein-mediated signaling cascades, or sequester RANTES and potentially alter inflammatory responses.
The RANTES receptor CCR5 is also the primary co-receptor for R5 (M-tropic) variants of HIV-1. It has been demonstrated that RANTES, as well as the other CCR5 ligands, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta, can competitively inhibit CCR5/HIV-1 interaction and suppress viral infection in vitro. These effects apparently do not require fully intact signaling from the CCR5 receptor. Consequently, modified forms of RANTES and non-peptide compounds that block the interaction of HIV-1 with CCR5 show promise for future therapies. In contrast, several reports show that RANTES can enhance in vitro replication of X4 (T-tropic) variants of HIV-1 that use CXCR4 as a co-receptor rather than CCR5. This activity usually requires relatively high RANTES concentrations (~μM) and is dependent upon interaction with cell surface GAGs, oligomerization, and activation of tyrosine kinase and MAP kinase signaling cascades.
